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13 : GALAXY GROUPS & CLUSTERS
     Questions     Refs.   
(1) Introduction
(2) Cluster Surveys and Catalogs
      (a) Optical Identification
            (i)   Abell : Catalog of Rich Clusters
            (ii)  Zwicky : The CGCG
            (iii) Automated Digital Catalogs
      (b) X-ray Identification
      (c) Other (Future) Methods of Identification
(3) Cluster Classification
(4) Important Timescales
      (a) Crossing Time
      (b) Violent Relaxation Time
      (c) 2-Body & Dynamical Friction Times
(5) Cluster Shapes & Kinematics
      (a) "Smoothed" Properties
      (b) Substructures
(6) Two Nearby Examples : Virgo & Coma
(7) The Morphology-Density Relation
      (a) Early Work at Low Redshift
      (b) Possibly Relevant Physical Processes
      (c) HI Deficiency & Stripping
      (d) Recent Work at High Redshift
      (e) Caveat
(8) Luminosity Functions
(9) cD Galaxies
(10) The Hot Intercluster Medium
      (a) Simple Physics
      (b) Hydrostatic Atmosphere & "Beta" Models
      (c) X-ray Correlations
      (d) Abundances (& Temperatures)
      (e) Cooling Flows
      (f) Radio Sources & the ICM
      (g) ICM Substructures & Cluster Mergers
(11) Cluster Masses