Energy diagram for Pure Vacuum (de Sitter) Model

Newtonian energy diagram for de Sitter's pure vacuum model. Since the gravitational term is -a2 then the kinetic energy factor (v/vo)2 a2 so the velocity factor v/vo a, which leads to an exponential growth of both scale factor and velocity factor with time.

 

Figure: Whittle's Teaching Company Course, and (upcoming) undergraduate textbook.