With the great volume of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data being released (from DR1 to DR17 now), it becomes possible for us to study how galaxies and large scale structure of the universe were formed, what the amount, composition and distribution of matter in clusters and large scale structures are, how the cluster mass density related to the matter density does in the universe and what constraints the cluster and supercluster data place on cosmology. Clusters of galaxies provide a powerful tool for the study  of galaxy formation, dark matter, large-scale structure and cosmology. We often use SDSS, NED, BATC, COSMOS Database, and so on in our science research which methods are provided here. Read them carefully and you will find they are convenient for you. (download software Putty，X-Win32, WinSCP, UltraEdit, FITS Viewer (fv) SAOImage DS9 (ds9) or ESO scisoft8 for Fedora 20.)

1、 Data Download

      ADS Home --> Search

      ADS/BAO mirror --> Search

      arxiv.e-print

      SQL Search & Table list

      optical spectrum view

      SDSS@NYU

      Max Planck institute for Astrophysics (SDSS)

      Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut (BATC)

      Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS)

      The South Galactic Cap U-band Sky Survey (SCUSS)

      Cosmic Evolution Survey

      The DEEP2 Redshift Survey

      All-wavelength Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS)

      Chandra X-ray Center   IRSA(Spitzer, WISE, 2MASS, ……)

      Level 5   HyperZ Photometric redshift code

      Light Curve --- ASAS-SN、ZTF、CSS

      FITS Viewer (fv) --- fv User's Guide v5.3

      SAOImage DS9 (ds9) --- SAOImage DS9 Users Manual

      Unit Conversion

      Constants

      Scitation

      Physics Review Letters (PRL)