NAVIGATION WINDOW

16 : THE COSMOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Questions Refs.
(1) Introduction
(a) The Good News
(b) The Not-So-Good News
(c) Our Path Through the Subject
(2) Global Properties
(a) Large Scale Isotropy
(b) The Cosmological Principle
(c) Large Scale Homogeneity
(d) Small Scale Structure
(e) Expansion
(i) The Hubble Law
(ii) Everyone Sees the Same Law
(f) The Big Bang
(g) Cosmic Time
(h) Olber's Paradox
(3) More on Expansion
(a) Expanding Coordinate Grids
(b) Scale Factor a(t) & Comoving Coordinates
(c) The Hubble Parameter: H(t)
(d) Velocity Distance Relation & Hubble Law
(e) The Hubble Sphere
(f) The Nature of the Redshift
(g) Measuring Distances and H₀
(i) Ladder Methods
(ii) Direct Methods
(4) Components & their Densities & Pressures
(a) The Stage and its Contents
(b) Critical Density & Spatial Geometry
(c) Pressure & Equations of State
(d) Density Changes with Scale Factor
(e) Rates of Expansion in Each Era
(f) The Five Components
(i) Dark Energy
(ii) Dark Matter
(iii) Baryons
(iv) Photons
(v) Neutrinos
(g) Cosmic Cooling
(i) Photon (& Neutrino) Cooling
(ii) Matter (& Galaxy) Cooling
(5) Cosmic Geometry: Robertson-Walker Metric
(a) Space-Time Geometries
(i) Example 1: "Flat" Geometry
(ii) Example 2: Uniform Positive Curvature
(iii) Example 3: Uniform Negative Curvature
(iv) Adding Time
(b) The Robertson-Walker Metric
(c) Simple Properties of the RW-Metric
(i) Proper Time
(ii) Proper Distance
(iii) Velocity Distance Law
(iv) Time Dilation & Redshift
(v) Total Cosmic Volume
(6) Cosmic Dynamics: the Friedmann Equation
(a) Gravity's Field Equation
(i) T_µv : The Energy-Momentum Tensor
(ii) G_µv: The Curvature Tensor
(iii) Two Cosmological Equations
(iv) A Newtonian Analog
(b) Cosmological Parameters
(i) Hubble: H
(ii) Density:

(iii) Curvature: R,

_k
(iv) Deceleration: q
(v) Cosmological Constant:

(c) The Many FRW World Models
(i) The General Case
(ii) The Concordance Model
(iii) Velocity History & Energy Diagrams
(iv) Flat Models: Single Component
(v) Flat Models: Matter + Vacuum
(vi) Curved Models: Single Component
(vii) Specific & Named World Models
(7) Horizons & Distances
(a) Three Proper Distances
(i) Two Examples: z = 6 & 1000
(b) Horizons
(i) The Hubble Sphere
(ii) The Particle Horizon
(iii) The Event Horizon
(c) Space-Time Diagrams
(d) Energy within the Horizon
(8) Observables vs Redshift: A Toolkit
(a) Luminosity Distance
(b) Angular Diameter Distance
(c) Proper Motion Distance
(d) Surface Brightness
(e) Volumes of Shells
(f) Summary of Relations
(g) Useful Charts
(9) The First Three Minutes
(10) Recombination & The CMB
(11) Measuring Cosmological Parameters
(12) Problems with the Standard Model
(13) Inflation & its Solutions